Admission Test for Dental Hygiene (ATDH) Practice

Which of the following best defines irony in literature?

1. A statement that literally expresses its meaning

2. When the outcome is opposite of what is expected

3. A comparison using 'like' or 'as'

4. The placement of contrasting ideas alongside each other

The correct answer is: When the outcome is opposite of what is expected

Irony in literature often involves a situation where there is a significant difference between what is expected to happen and what actually occurs. This unexpected turn of events can create a variety of effects, including humor, poignancy, or a deeper understanding of the themes at play. In the context of literary analysis, irony serves to enhance the narrative by challenging readers' assumptions and engaging them in a more profound understanding of characters, situations, and societal norms. This contrasts with the other options: a literal statement does not involve any level of irony; a simile employs direct comparisons and lacks the complexity of irony; and while contrasting ideas can create tension or highlight themes, they do not necessarily embody irony without the element of expectation versus reality. Thus, the definition that best captures the essence of irony is the one involving the opposite of what is expected.